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Tube Forming Terms
– An
aluminum-bronze wear surface used for mandrels and wiper dies for bending
stainless steel, specifically.
– A component of the mandrel
assembly that supports the arc of the bend of a tube in order to keep
it from flattening after it has passed through the point of bend.
– A term that refers
to the basic elements of motion that must be programmed into the controller
of a CNC tube-bending machine in order for the tube to be bent.
– Sometimes called
the “bend form” or the “radius die,” it is the
primary tool of a rotary-draw tube-bending machine, against which the
tube is placed and drawn around to produce a bend.
– A general term
referring to the arc of the bend itself but which does not precisely specify
the radius. Bend radius can refer to the inside radius, the centerline
radius or some arbitrary reference point, though it is typically measured
from the centerline.
– A mechanical device
that is used to form a bend or arc in a straight length of material. Bender
also refers to a company that performs this service.
–
A drop-in segmented tooling that has either a set of dies that only reduces
or fingers that only expand.
– A tube bending
process that does not involve the use of heat. Cold drawing is used to
obtain smooth surface finishes, reduce the wall and/or the outside diameter
and achieve closer tolerances.
– A non-mandrel
tube bending process in which the tube is stretched over a crush knob
located in the cavity of the bend die, eliminating any wrinkling or buckling
that may occur in the tube in the absence of a mandrel. Crush bending
is typically used on non-round tube bends.
– Sometimes
called the “angle,” it is the measurement of the degree to
which the tube is bent. The minimum angle is about 5.
– Six- or eight-segment dies and fingers in a housing, a self-contained
barrel, which can be quickly and simply dropped into or removed from a
machine to provide a quick changeover to another tool set. The dies are
close on the outside of the tube, and the fingers are open on the inside
of the tube.
– Ram forming tooling that
consists of clamping dies and ram tools. The clamping dies are used to
hold the tube during the forming cycle.
– The increase of
the length of a material during the bending process, expressed as a percentage
of the initial length.
–
Any tube forming process that uses heat.
– The
diameter of the inside of the tube.
– A part of the tube-bending
assembly that provides support to the inside of the tube in order to prevent
the tube from buckling or necking. A mandrel may not be necessary
if the wall is thick enough.
– The
diameter of the outside of the tube.
–
A cold finishing operation that produces a precise outside diameter and
wall tube. In plug drawing, the tube is drawn through a die over a plug.
– An inexpensive
and fast method of bending that is suitable only for applications in which
tube walls are relatively heavy and centerline radii are large. Press
bending produces reduced bend quality, because it is impossible to fixture
mandrel tooling inside the tube or wiper tooling to control the flow of
material.
– A process in which
a tube is placed in a die and hydraulic ram. The ram, containing half
of the dies, presses into the tube and pushes it around the radius.
– A quick and effective
method of bending a tube by feeding it through a triangular arrangement
of rollers. Roll bending forms extremely thick walls and large radii from
the material that exceeds the capability of rotary draw benders.
– A principal
method of tube bending in which the material is drawn around a rotating
bend form or die. The forward tangent is rotated, while the back tangent
is held in place by a pressure die, allowing for the use of mandrel and
wiper tooling.
– A cold finishing
operation in which a tube is pulled through a die without using a mandrel.
Sink drawing is used to obtain the exact desired diameter and/or to improve
mechanical properties of the tube.
– Forming the end of
the tube to meet preset specifications of roundness and concentricity.
– The response of
the tube after the stress of the bending process has been removed. Tubes
can be bent over the specified DOB, so that they will open up to the desired
degree or bend.
– The excess material
on either end of the arc or bend of a tube that can be cut off after the
bending process.
–
An end forming method in which the end is formed into a funnel shape so
that it is able to be held by a threaded fitting.
– The thickness of the
tube or pipe wall, usually expressed as “nominal” or “minimum.”
– Also called “shoes,”
it is used to prevent the wrinkling of the tube during the bending process.
A wiper die is necessary when the resistance of the tube to compression
is high.
– An unwanted fold,
crease or ripple formed on the pipe surface during the bending process.
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